Infertility Treatment

Definition:

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It affects both men and women and can be caused by various medical and lifestyle factors.

Causes:

Infertility can be due to male, female, or combined factors.

Female Causes:

• Ovulation Disorders: Conditions like PCOS, thyroid issues, or premature ovarian failure can affect ovulation.

• Blocked Fallopian Tubes: Due to infections, previous surgeries, or conditions like endometriosis.

• Uterine Problems: Fibroids, polyps, or abnormalities in the uterus can prevent implantation.

• Hormonal Imbalances: Disrupting ovulation and menstruation.

• Age Factor: Fertility declines after the age of 35 due to a decrease in egg quality and quantity.

Male Causes:

• Low Sperm Count or Poor Sperm Motility: Due to hormonal imbalances, genetic factors, or lifestyle habits.

• Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the testicles affecting sperm production.

• Ejaculation Disorders: Retrograde ejaculation or blockages in sperm ducts.

Symptoms:

• Irregular or absent menstrual cycles

• Painful periods or intercourse

• Changes in sexual desire or function in men

• Low sperm count or ejaculation issues

Diagnosing:

• Blood Tests: Check hormone levels like FSH, LH, and testosterone.

• Ultrasound & Hysterosalpingography (HSG): To examine the uterus and fallopian tubes.

• Semen Analysis: To assess sperm count, motility, and morphology.

• Laparoscopy: To detect endometriosis or pelvic adhesions.

Treatment:

• Medications:

  • Ovulation-inducing drugs like Clomiphene, Letrozole, and Gonadotropins.

  • Hormonal therapy for PCOS or thyroid-related infertility.

• Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART):

  • Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): Sperm is directly placed into the uterus.

  • In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Eggs are fertilized outside the body and implanted in the uterus.

  • Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): A single sperm is injected directly into an egg.

• Surgical Treatments:

  • Removal of fibroids or endometriosis

  • Tubal surgery to remove blockages

Prevention Tips:

• Maintain a healthy weight

• Avoid smoking, alcohol, and excessive caffeine

• Reduce stress through yoga, meditation, or counseling

• Have regular medical checkups

Conclusion:

Infertility treatment depends on the underlying cause, and early intervention increases the chances of conception.