PAP Smear Test

Definition:

A PAP smear (Papanicolaou test) is a screening test used to detect abnormal cervical cells, which may indicate cervical cancer or precancerous changes.

Why It’s Done:

• Detect early signs of cervical cancer.

• Identify HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection.

• Monitor abnormal cervical changes.

When to Get a PAP Smear:

• Every 3 years for women aged 21-65.

• Every 5 years if combined with an HPV test.

• More frequently if there are abnormal results or HPV infection.

Symptoms That Require a PAP Test:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding.

• Pelvic pain.

• Unusual vaginal discharge.

Procedure:

• A small sample of cervical cells is collected using a speculum and brush.

• Sent to a laboratory for analysis.

• Results indicate normal, unclear, or abnormal cells.

Treatment If Abnormal Cells Are Found:

• Repeat PAP test.

• Colposcopy (closer examination of the cervix).

• Biopsy or LEEP (removal of abnormal tissue).

Prevention Tips:

• Regular screenings.

• HPV vaccination.

• Safe sex practices.

Conclusion:

A PAP smear is a simple and essential test for early detection of cervical cancer, significantly reducing mortality rates.